Formation of granulation tissue due to the inflammatory reaction that occurs which stimulates the recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells.Hemorrhage due to tooth extraction leading to the formation of a blood clot filling the entire socket.1 Internal changes following tooth extraction are characterized by: 1 In addition, sockets of teeth with horizontal bone loss heal more quickly as the lower level of the alveolar bone means less bone infill is required. It is known that it takes longer to completely form bone at molar sites compared to single-rooted sites. Wider extraction sockets necessitate more time for defect bone bridging when compared with narrower sockets. 1 Various factors affect the healing process of sockets that are left empty and/or undisturbed. Socket Healing and Changes Following Tooth Extractionįollowing tooth extraction, socket healing is characterized by internal changes that lead to formation of bone within the socket, and external/dimensional changes that lead to loss of alveolar ridge height and width. 4,5 This could be due to the early disappearance of the thin bundle bone with an average thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm 6 as a consequence of losing blood supply from the periodontal ligament space palatally and due to blood supply disruption buccally due to elevation of a flap. 1,2 Although immediate placement of dental implants is a successful form of therapy, 3 it has been reported that implants do not adequately preserve the alveolar ridge. However, the alveolar ridge is prone to resorption following extraction of teeth which results in inadequate bone volume and unfavorable alveolar ridge architecture which ultimately limits the successful placement of dental implants. For this to be achieved, adequate height and volume of alveolar bone is required. In order for implant therapy to be successful there is a need for the dental implant to be adequately integrated into host bone in the proper position in three dimensions.
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